1970 k bad jub IBM (International Busniness Mechine) nay aik asi Company ke talaash shoro ke jo un ko aik asa Operating System provide kray jo un k new computers jo wo bna rehay thay jis ko shoro mein IBMPC ka aur baad mein PC ka naam dia gia. Ab sawal ya peda hota ha k Operating System(OS) hota kia ha...?
Operating System is a system of software that provide an interface for user to interact with the computer. Ya hardware & software ko manage kerta ha, OS k bina computer kuch be nahi ker sakta, Simple word mein, OS aik asa set of software hota ha jo humary computer ko chlaata ha.
Us k baad IBM company aik tiny(chotee) company k pas gai jis nay popular new programming language ejaad ke jo BASIC (Beginner All Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) k naam sa jani jati ha. Now Question arises what is Programming.?
A set of words and symbols used to write Programs is called Programming language. Programming languages computer programs likhne k lia istemaal hoti hein, Ya user aur Computer k darmayaan communication kerti hein, Ab topic ke traf atay hein.
IBM company walo nay us choti company k president ko kaha k wo aik OS bna k dein jo un k IBMPC ko operate ker sakay. Agar'cha iss tiny company nay kabi koi Operting Systen nahi bnaya pher be us k president nay haami bhar de, K wo OS bna k day dain gay. Ya admi jo Tiny company ka company ka president tha ya Bill Gates tha aur Tiny company Microsoft thee.
walao say haami bharny k baad Bill Gates nay juldi say aik asay OS ke talaash shoro ke jo Intel 8086 processor pa work ker sakay, Jo Bill Gates ko aik company sa mil gia jis ka naam, QDOS (Quick-and-Dirty Operating System) Jo us nay kuch Hazaar dollers say purchase ker lia.
QDOS mein thori changes ker k Microsoft nay Microsoft Disk Operating System (MS-DOS) version 1.1. release ker dia. Iss k baad aur be bhot say version released howay, Last version MS-DOS 6.22 Tha jo 1994 mein release howa. Ab dakhtay hein k DOS k major concepts kia thay.
Jo especially windows users k lia important hein. 1st ya k Microsoft designed DOS to run on Intel 8086 processor, Sure DOS run fast on Pentium. 2nd: MS-DOS text based tha, Every thing used on Screen uses text, although individual applications may uses Grafical screens.
3rd: All text is in Upper case, Mean Capital alphabets, If Lower letter (small Alphabets) is typed it is automatically changed to Upper case. DOS is complety case insensitive.
Now How we access DOS commands on windows... Go to RUN type cmd a console screen will be open. Now commands ..
Some useful comands of MS-DOS.
DEL MD RD COPY FORMAT ATTRIB AT SHUTDOWN PAUSE REN ECO.
MD: MD means Make directry.Ye command folder bnane k ly istimal ki jati he. Goto start Run type Cmd Or cmd mai Type kren "Md c:\abc" Without Quotes and press enter. Iss say C: Drive mai abc nam ka folder ban jai ga.
DOS & Batch File mai Differnce.Cmd/DOS mai ham koi b command lga kr enter kren to wo apna kam ker dati he. Again woi kam krwane k ly dobara command deni parti he. Jab k yei command agr hum aik text file mai likh krein usy "name.bat" mai save kr dyn to jb b hm bat file run kren ge wo apna kam kr dygi.
Batch file bnana boht asaan hai. Ap koi b text file create kren dos cmand type kren.e.g:MD ITsuper Murad malik Save as name.bat ker dyn ab jb ap is file ko run kren ge to ye Pas mai he 3 foldr bna dyga ITsuper Murad malik nam kay.
DEL command use kr k ap koi b file delete kr skte hn chahe wo aam file ho koi virus ho ya phir window ki file ho... Iss command k istimal se agr ap aisi batch file bnain jo tmam viruses files ko delete kre to ye useful anti.virus batch hogyi or agr ap is se window ki files deletw kren to ye.
DEL command" text file open kren.Type DEL name.Ttxt then Save as hehe.bat sath mai ak txt file create kren name.txt nam dyn usy. Batch file run krne se ye hashmi wali text file ko delete ker dyga.
Ksi drive mai pari file ko delete krne k ly DEL command k sath address b dyn.E.g:DEL C:\WIndows\explorer.exe Is batch file ko run krne se ye explorer file ko delete kr dyga or desktop k icon + taskbar sohw ni hoga. Window coueppted..
D Drive mai aik text file create kren us mai ye command type kren.DEL /S *.exe Save hashmi.bat kren. Iss batch file ko run krne se ye D drive mai pari tmam .exe files del kr dyga. "/s" ka mtlb he sub directry mtlb foldrs k andr pari tmam .exe b delete krni hein.
Del comand k zariye tamam drives se Readme.Eml virus/worm delete krna. Ye readme.eml nam ka ak virus he jo html files ko courpt krta he. Har html file k sath para hota he spread hota jata he. Is ko delete krne wali ak batch file ki c0ding ya ha.
Text file mai ye coding type kren...
FOR %%A IN (C D E F) DO DEL /S %%A:\*.EML
name.bat naam sa save kr dyn.Phir is bat file ko run kren.Agr ya virus mojod ho to ye har C,D,E,F drives se delete kr dyga.
Usi coding mai *.eml ki jaga agr ap *.exe likh dyn ge to wo run krne par Pc ki tamam exe files delete kr dyga. Agr *.mp3 likh dyn ya *.jpg to sb is extenti0n ki files del krega.Is tra ye as a virus amal kre ge.
START command By using start command. Text file mai type kro start mspaint or neche line mai start pinball Then save as anyname.bat Hashmi wali batch file ko RUN kro gay to.ya dono open ho jay ge.
Now an Overview on whole commands of Commond Prompt ( DOS ) With Their Description
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No. Command Detail
1 (ANSI.SYS -- Defines functions that change display graphics, control cursor movement, and reassign keys.
2 (APPEND -- Causes MS-DOS to look in other directories when editing a file or running a command.
3 (ARP -- Displays, adds, and removes arp information from network devices
4 (ASSIGN -- Assign a drive letter to an alternate letter
5( ASSOC -- View the file associations
6 (AT -- Schedule a time to execute commands or programs.
7 (ATMADM -- Lists connections and addresses seen by Windows ATM call manager.
8 (ATTRIB -- Display and change file attributes.
9 (BATCH -- NRecovery console command that executes a series of commands in a file.
10 (BOOTCFG -- Recovery console command that allows a user to view, modify, and rebuild the boot.ini
11 (BREAK -- Enable / disable CTRL + C feature.
12( CACLS -- View and modify file ACL's.
13 (CALL -- Calls a batch file from another batch file.
14 (CD -- Changes directories.
15 (CHCP -- Supplement the International keyboard and character set information.
16 (CHDIR -- Changes directories.
17 (CHKDSK -- Check the hard disk drive running FAT for errors.
18 (CHKNTFS -- Check the hard disk drive running NTFS for errors.
19 (CHOICE -- Specify a listing of multiple options within a batch file.
20 (CLS -- Clears the screen.
21 (CMD -- Opens the command interpreter.
22( COLOR -- Easily change the foreground and background color of the
MS-DOS ********
23 (COMP -- Compares files.
24 (COMPACT -- Compresses and uncompress files.
25 (CONTROL -- Open control panel icons from the MS-DOS prompt.
26 (CONVERT-- Convert FAT to NTFS.
27( COPY -- Copy one or more files to an alternate ********.
28( CTTY -- Change the computers input/output devices.
29( DATE -- View or change the systems date.
30 (DEBUG -- Debug utility to create assembly programs to modify hardware settings.
31( DEFRAG -- Re-arrange the hard disk drive to help with loading programs.
32 (DEL -- Deletes one or more files.
33 (DELETE -- Recovery console command that deletes a file.
34( DELTREE -- Deletes one or more files and/or directories.
35 (DIR -- List the *******s of one or more directory.
36( DISABLE -- Recovery console command that disables Windows system services or drivers.
37 (DISKCOMP -- Compare a disk with another disk.
38( DISKCOPY -- Copy the *******s of one disk and place them on another disk.
39 (DOSKEY -- Command to view and execute commands that have been run in the past.
40( DOSSHELL -- A GUI to help with early MS-DOS users.
41 (DRIVPARM -- Enables overwrite of original device drivers.
42 (ECHO -- Displays messages and enables and disables echo.
43 (EDIT -- View and edit files.
44 (EDLIN -- View and edit files.
45 (EMM386 -- Load extended Memory Manager.
46 (ENABLE -- Recovery console command to enable a disable service or driver.
47 (ENDLOCAL -- Stops the localization of the environment changes
enabled by the setlocal command.
48( ERASE -- Erase files from computer.
49 (EXPAND -- Expand a Microsoft Windows file back to it's original format.
50 (EXIT -- Exit from the command interpreter.
51 (EXTRACT -- Extract files from the Microsoft Windows cabinets.
52 (FASTHELP -- Displays a listing of MS-DOS commands and information about them
53 (FC -- Compare files.
54 (FDISK -- Utility used to create partitions on the hard disk drive.
55( FIND -- Search for text within a file.
56( FINDSTR -- Searches for a string of text within a file.
57 (FIXBOOT -- Writes a new boot sector.
59 (FIXMBR -- Writes a new boot record to a disk drive.
60 (FOR -- Boolean used in batch files.
61 (FORMAT -- Command to erase and prepare a disk drive.
62( FTP -- Command to connect and operate on a FTP server.
63 (FTYPE -- Displays or modifies file types used in file extension
associations.
64 (GOTO -- Moves a batch file to a specific label or ********.
65 (GRAFTABL -- Show extended characters in graphics mode.
66 (HELP -- Display a listing of commands and brief explanation.
67 (IF -- Allows for batch files to perform conditional processing.
68( IFSHLP.SYS -- 32-bit file manager.
69 (IPCONFIG -- Network command to view network adapter settings and assigned values.
70 (KEYB -- Change layout of keyboard.
71 (LABEL -- Change the label of a disk drive.
72( LH -- Load a device driver in to high memory.
73 (LISTSVC -- Recovery console command that displays the services and drivers.
74 (LOADFIX -- Load a program above the first 64k.
75 (LOADHIGH -- Load a device driver in to high memory.
76 (LOCK -- Lock the hard disk drive.
77 (LOGON -- Recovery console command to list installations and enable administrator login.
78( MAP -- Displays the device name of a drive.
79( MD -- Command to create a new directory.
80( MEM -- Display memory on system.
81 (MKDIR -- Command to create a new directory.
82( MODE -- Modify the port or display settings.
83 (MORE -- Display one page at a time.
84( MOVE -- Move one or more files from one directory to another DIRECTORY
85( MSAV -- Early Microsoft Virus scanner.
86( MSD -- Diagnostics utility.
87 (MSCDEX -- Utility used to load and provide access to the CD-ROM.
88 (NBTSTAT -- Displays protocol statistics and current TCP/IP connections using NBT
89 (NET -- Update, fix, or view the network or network settings
90 (NETSH -- Configure dynamic and static network information from MS-DOS.
91 (NETSTAT -- Display the TCP/IP network protocol statistics and information.
92( NLSFUNC -- Load country specific information.
93 (NSLOOKUP -- Look up an IP address of a domain or host on a network.
94 (PATH -- View and modify the computers path ********
95 (PATHPING -- View and locate ********s of network latency
96 (PAUSE -- command used in batch files to stop the processing of a command.
97 (PING -- Test / send information to another network computer or network device .
98 (POPD -- Changes to the directory or network path stored by the pushd command.
99 (POWER -- Conserve power with computer portables.
100 (PRINT -- Prints data to a printer port.
101 (PROMPT -- View and change the MS-DOS prompt.
102( PUSHD -- Stores a directory or network path in memory so it can be returned to at any time.
103 (QBASIC -- Open the QBasic.
104 (RD -- Removes an empty directory.
105 (REN -- Renames a file or directory.
106( RENAME -- Renames a file or directory.
107 (RMDIR -- Removes an empty directory.
108 (ROUTE -- View and configure windows network route tables.
109 (RUNAS -- Enables a user to execute a program on another
computer.
110( SCANDISK -- Run the scandisk utility.
111 (SCANREG -- Scan registry and recover registry from errors.
112 (SET -- Change one variable or string to another.
113 (SETLOCAL -- Enables local environments to be changed without affecting anything else.
114 (SHARE -- Installs support for file sharing and locking capabilities.
115 (SETVER -- Change MS-DOS version to trick older MS-DOS programs.
116( SHIFT -- Changes the position of replaceable parameters in a batch program.
117 (SHUTDOWN -- Shutdown the computer from the MS-DOS prompt.
118( SMARTDRV -- Create a disk cache in conventional memory or extended memory.
119 (SORT -- Sorts the input and displays the output to the screen.
120( START -- Start a separate window in Windows from the MS-DOS prompt.
121 (SUBST -- Substitute a folder on your computer for another drive letter.
122( SWITCHES -- Remove add functions from MS-DOS.
123( SYS -- Transfer system files to disk drive.
124 (TELNET -- Telnet to another computer / device from the prompt.
125( TIME -- View or modify the system time.
126 (TITLE -- Change the title of their MS-DOS ********
127 (TRACERT -- Visually view a network packets route across a network.
128 (TREE -- View a visual tree of the hard disk drive.
129 (TYPE -- Display the *******s of a file.
130( UNDELETE -- Undelete a file that has been deleted.
131 (UNFORMAT -- Unformat a hard disk drive.
132 (UNLOCK -- Unlock a disk drive.
133 (VER -- Display the version information.
134 (VERIFY -- Enables or disables the feature to determine if files have been written properly.
135 (VOL -- Displays the volume information about the designated drive.
136 (XCOPY -- Copy multiple files, directories, and/or drives from one ******** to another.
137 (TRUENAME -- When placed before a file, will display the whole directory in which it exists
138( TASKKILL -- It allows you to kill those unneeded or locked up applications
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